Education

You students will explore how batteries work, from classical dry cells to modern lithium-ion batteries, and their real-world applications. They will dive into fuel cells, understanding how hydrogen-oxygen and propane-oxygen cells generate clean energy. The journey continues with renewable energy sources, the role of semiconductors in electronics, and how solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells and solar water heaters. By the end, students will gain insights into energy storage, sustainability, and the future of power technology

You will be introduced to the foundational concepts of quantum computing, focusing on qubits—the building blocks of quantum information. They will explore Dirac Bra-Ket notation, Pauli spin matrices, and principles of quantum superposition and interference, along with quantum measurement and decoherence. The unit covers entanglement and the Bloch sphere for visualizing qubit states, compares qubits with classical bits, and delves into the probabilistic representation of qubit states, setting the stage for advanced quantum computing concepts.

You will explore the quantum properties of electrons, focusing on concepts like angular momentum and space quantization. They will delve into electron spin, spin angular momentum, and the principles underlying Larmor’s theorem and spin magnetic moments. Real-world experiments such as the Stern-Gerlach experiment, along with phenomena like the Zeeman and Stark effects, will be examined to illustrate electron behavior. The unit also introduces the gyromagnetic ratio and offers a qualitative understanding of the Bohr magneton, providing a comprehensive foundation in electron quantum properties

You will explore quantum confinement with the one-dimensional infinite potential well, understanding energy eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and normalization. They will study quantum dots as real-world applications and examine quantum tunneling through a 1D rectangular potential barrier. The unit also introduces the 1D linear harmonic oscillator, covering its eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, and zero-point energy, highlighting key quantum mechanical phenomena.

You will explore the wave nature of matter, understanding matter waves and wave amplitude. They will delve into the Schrödinger equation for non-relativistic particles, along with momentum and energy operators. The unit covers stationary states and the physical interpretation of wave functions, emphasizing probabilities and normalization—key concepts in quantum mechanics that describe the behavior of microscopic particles.

You will explore the fundamental principles of quantum physics, contrasting classical and quantum mechanics. Topics include Planck’s quantum theory, the photoelectric effect, and De Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves, supported by the Davisson-Germer experiment. They will also understand wave-particle duality, wave packets, group and phase velocities, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, with an application to the ground-state energy of hydrogen atoms. This unit lays the foundation for modern quantum mechanics and its real-world applications.

You will explore web application development frameworks, understanding their types and significance in modern web development. The unit covers AngularJS and ReactJS, focusing on key concepts like expressions, modules, data binding, controllers, DOM manipulation, event handling, forms, and validations in AngularJS. In ReactJS, students will learn about components, styling, form programming, and the process of building and deploying applications, gaining hands-on experience in dynamic and interactive web development.

You will explore file systems and mass storage management, covering file concepts, access methods, directory structures, and protection mechanisms. They will also learn about mass-storage structures, disk scheduling algorithms, and swap space management to understand how data is efficiently stored and retrieved. Additionally, the unit covers system protection principles, access control models, and security mechanisms to ensure data integrity and controlled access in modern operating systems.

You will delve into memory management techniques, including contiguous memory allocation, paging, segmentation, and page table structures. They will explore swapping mechanisms and how operating systems efficiently allocate memory. The unit also covers virtual memory concepts such as demand paging, Copy-on-Write, page replacement strategies, frame allocation, and thrashing, equipping students with a deep understanding of how modern systems optimize memory usage for performance and efficiency.

You will explore process synchronization and deadlocks, focusing on the critical section problem, synchronization mechanisms like Peterson’s solution, mutex locks, semaphores, and monitors. They will tackle classic synchronization problems and understand how operating systems handle concurrent processes. The unit also covers deadlocks, including their causes, prevention, avoidance, detection, and recovery strategies, providing students with essential skills to manage resource contention in complex computing environments.